It is a figure in which the name of one thing is substituted for that of another with which it is loosely associated.In it the name of one thing is need for another.It is thus,a figure in which one thing is signified by its accompaniment or attribute,.An accompaniment or attribute is something that naturally or often goes with an object,but not its organic or component part.
In the sentence'He is ruined by the bottle'.We notice that the name of one thing (i.e.bottle)is substituted for that of another (drink) and these two things are loosely connected.The bottle and the drink can be physically separated from each other.
The main characteristics of a metonymy are given bellow:
1) One object is named but another object is meant.
2)There exists a certain relation between them.
3)This relation is not intimate but loose.
4)It is possible to separate both objects physically.
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